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Giftige planten encyclopedie

Giftige planten encyclopedie

2013-01-01
images/giftigpodie/Bilzekruid.jpg
Bilzekruid
Hyoscyamus niger
zeer giftig voor mens en dier (vogel)
gehele plant
Het Bilzekruid (Hyoscyamus niger) is een één- of tweejarige, 0,3-0,6 m hoge plant uit de nachtschadefamilie (Solanaceae).
Aan de kleverige stengel zijn de onderste bladen stengelomvattend en de bovenste gesteeld. De wortel is spoelvormig. De bladeren zijn langwerpig en grof golvend getand. De onderste bladeren zijn stengelomvattend, de bovenste bladeren smal en gesteeld.
De trechtervormige bloem is vuilgeel van kleur en violet geaderd. De bloemen staan in de bladoksels. De vrucht is een circa 1,5 cm lange, klokvormige doosvrucht, die bij rijpheid worden openspringt. Deze wordt door de kelkbladen omvat. Het zaad is grijsbruin en tot 1 x 1,3 mm groot.
De gehele plant is zeer giftig. De belangrijkste gifstoffen zijn de zogenaamde tropane alkaloïden scopolamine, hyoscyamine, atropine. De verschijnselen zijn een opgezwollen buik en hevige krampen. Hierop volgt eerst verlamming en ten slotte de dood.
images/giftigpodie/00logo_pas_op.jpg